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1. Good works are only such as God hath commanded in his Holy Word, and
not such as without the warrant thereof are devised by men out of blind
zeal, or upon any pretence of good intentions. ( Micah 6:8; Heb
13:21; Matt 15:9; Isa 29:13 )
2. These good works, done in obedience to God's commandments, are the
fruits and evidences of a true and lively faith; and by them believers
manifest their thankfulness, strengthen their assurance, edify their
brethren, adorn the profession of the gospel, stop the mouths of the
adversaries, and glorify God, whose workmanship they are, created in
Christ Jesus thereunto, that having their fruit unto holiness they may
have the end eternal life. ( James 2:18, 22; Ps 116:12, 13; 1 John
2:3, 5; 2 Peter 1:5-11; Matt 5:16; 1 Tim 6:1; 1 Peter 2:15; Php 1:11;
Eph 2:10; Rom 6:22 )
3. Their ability to do good works is not at all of themselves, but
wholly from the Spirit of Christ; and that they may be enabled
thereunto, besides the graces they have already received, there is
necessary an actual influence of the same Holy Spirit, to work in them
to will and to do of his good pleasure; yet they are not hereupon to
grow negligent, as if they were not bound to perform any duty, unless
upon a special motion of the Spirit, but they ought to be diligent in
stirring up the grace of God that is in them. ( John 15:4, 5; 2
Cor 3:5; Php 2:13; Php 2:12; Heb 6:11, 12; Isa 64:7 )
4. They who in their obedience attain to the greatest height which is
possible in this life, are so far from being able to supererogate, and
to do more than God requires, as that they fall short of much which in
duty they are bound to do. ( Job 9:2, 3; Gal 5:17; Luke 17:10 )
5. We cannot by our best works merit pardon of sin or eternal life at
the hand of God, by reason of the great disproportion that is between
them and the glory to come, and the infinite distance that is between us
and God, whom by them we can neither profit nor satisfy for the debt of
our former sins; but when we have done all we can, we have done but our
duty, and are unprofitable servants; and because as they are good they
proceed from his Spirit, and as they are wrought by us they are defiled
and mixed with so much weakness and imperfection, that they cannot
endure the severity of God's punishment. ( Rom 3:20; Eph 2:8,
9; Rom 4:6; Gal 5:22, 23; Isa 64:6; Ps 143:2 )
6. Yet notwithstanding the persons of believers being accepted through
Christ, their good works also are accepted in him; not as though they
were in this life wholly unblameable and unreprovable in God's sight,
but that he, looking upon them in his Son, is pleased to accept and
reward that which is sincere, although accompanied with many weaknesses
and imperfections. ( Eph 1:6; 1 Peter 2:5; Matt 25:21, 23;
Heb 6:10 )
7. Works done by unregenerate men, although for the matter of them they
may be things which God commands, and of good use both to themselves and
others; yet because they proceed not from a heart purified by faith, nor
are done in a right manner according to the word, nor to a right end,
the glory of God, they are therefore sinful, and cannot please God, nor
make a man meet to receive grace from God, and yet their neglect of them
is more sinful and displeasing to God. ( 2 Kings 10:30; 1 Kings 21:27,
29; Gen 4:5; Heb 11:4, 6; 1 Cor 13:1; Matt 6:2, 5;
Amos 5:21, 22; Rom 9:16; Titus 3:5; Job 21:14, 15; Matt 25:41-43 )
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1. Those whom God hath accepted in the beloved, effectually called and
sanctified by his Spirit, and given the precious faith of his elect
unto, can neither totally nor finally fall from the state of grace, but
shall certainly persevere therein to the end, and be eternally saved,
seeing the gifts and callings of God are without repentance, whence he
still begets and nourishes in them faith, repentance, love, joy, hope,
and all the graces of the Spirit unto immortality; and though many
storms and floods arise and beat against them, yet they shall never be
able to take them off that foundation and rock which by faith they are
fastened upon; notwithstanding, through unbelief and the temptations of
Satan, the sensible sight of the light and love of God may for a time be
clouded and obscured from them, yet he is still the same, and they shall
be sure to be kept by the power of God unto salvation, where they shall
enjoy their purchased possession, they being engraven upon the palm of
his hands, and their names having been written in the book of life from
all eternity. ( John 10:28, 29; Php 1:6; 2 Tim 2:19; 1 John
2:19; Ps 89:31, 32; 1 Cor 11:32; Mal 3:6 )
2. This perseverance of the saints depends not upon their own free will,
but upon the immutability of the decree of election, flowing from the
free and unchangeable love of God the Father, upon the efficacy of the
merit and intercession of Jesus Christ and union with him, the oath of
God, the abiding of his Spirit, and the seed of God within them, and the
nature of the covenant of grace; from all which arises also the
certainty and infallibility thereof. ( Rom 8:30 Rom 9:11, 16;
Rom 5:9, 10; John 14:19; Heb 6:17, 18; 1 John 3:9; Jer 32:40
)
3. And though they may, through the temptation of Satan and of the
world, the prevalency of corruption remaining in them, and the neglect
of means of their preservation, fall into grievous sins, and for a time
continue therein, whereby they incur God's displeasure and grieve his
Holy Spirit, come to have their graces and comforts impaired, have their
hearts hardened, and their consciences wounded, hurt and scandalize
others, and bring temporal judgments upon themselves, yet shall they
renew their repentance and be preserved through faith in Christ Jesus to
the end. ( Matt 26:70, 72, 74; Isa 64:5, 9; Eph 4:30; Ps
51:10, 12; Ps 32:3, 4; 2 Sam 12:14; Luke 22:32, 61, 62 )
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1. Although temporary believers, and other unregenerate men, may vainly
deceive themselves with false hopes and carnal presumptions of being in
the favor of God and state of salvation, which hope of theirs shall
perish; yet such as truly believe in the Lord Jesus, and love him in
sincerity, endeavoring to walk in all good conscience before him, may
in this life be certainly assured that they are in the state of grace,
and may rejoice in the hope of the glory of God, which hope shall never
make them ashamed. ( Job 8:13, 14; Matt 7:22, 23; 1 John 2:3; 1 John
3:14, 18, 19, 21, 24; 1 John 5:13; Rom 5:2, 5 )
2. This certainty is not a bare conjectural and probable persuasion
grounded upon a fallible hope, but an infallible assurance of faith
founded on the blood and righteousness of Christ revealed in the Gospel;
and also upon the inward evidence of those graces of the Spirit unto
which promises are made, and on the testimony of the Spirit of adoption,
witnessing with our spirits that we are the children of God; and, as a
fruit thereof, keeping the heart both humble and holy. ( Heb 6:11,
19; Heb 6:17, 18; 2 Peter 1:4, 5, 10, 11; Rom 8:15, 16; 1 John
3:1-3 )
3. This infallible assurance does not so belong to the essence of faith,
but that a true believer may wait long, and conflict with many
difficulties before he be partaker of it; yet being enabled by the
Spirit to know the things which are freely given him of God, he may,
without extraordinary revelation, in the right use of means, attain
thereunto: and therefore it is the duty of every one to give all
diligence to make his calling and election sure, that thereby his heart
may be enlarged in peace and joy in the Holy Spirit, in love and
thankfulness to God, and in strength and cheerfulness in the duties of
obedience, the proper fruits of this assurance; -so far is it from
inclining men to looseness. ( Isa 50:10; Ps 88; Ps 77:1-12; 1
John 4:13; Heb 6:11, 12; Rom 5:1, 2, 5; Rom 14:17; Ps
119:32; Rom 6:1,2; Titus 2:11, 12, 14 )
4. True believers may have the assurance of their salvation divers ways
shaken, diminished, and intermitted; as by negligence in preserving of
it, by falling into some special sin which wounds the conscience and
grieves the Spirit; by some sudden or vehement temptation, by God's
withdrawing the light of his countenance, and suffering even such as
fear him to walk in darkness and to have no light, yet are they never
destitute of the seed of God and life of faith, that love of Christ and
the brethren, that sincerity of heart and conscience of duty out of
which, by the operation of the Spirit, this assurance may in due time be
revived, and by the which, in the meantime, they are preserved from
utter despair. ( Canticles 5:2, 3, 6; Ps 51:8, 12, 14; Ps
116:11; Ps 77:7, 8; Ps 31:22; Ps 30:7; 1 John 3:9; Luke
22:32; Ps 42:5, 11; Lam 3:26-31 )
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1. God gave to Adam a law of universal obedience written in his heart,
and a particular precept of not eating the fruit of the tree of
knowledge of good and evil; by which he bound him and all his posterity
to personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience; promised life upon
the fulfilling, and threatened death upon the breach of it, and endued
him with power and ability to keep it. ( Gen 1:27; Eccl
7:29; Rom 10:5; Gal 3:10, 12 )
2. The same law that was first written in the heart of man continued to
be a perfect rule of righteousness after the fall, and was delivered by
God upon Mount Sinai, in ten commandments, and written in two tables,
the four first containing our duty towards God, and the other six, our
duty to man. ( Rom 2:14, 15; Deut 10:4 )
3. Besides this law, commonly called moral, God was pleased to give to
the people of Israel ceremonial laws, containing several typical
ordinances, partly of worship, prefiguring Christ, his graces, actions,
sufferings, and benefits; and partly holding forth divers instructions
of moral duties, all which ceremonial laws being appointed only to the
time of reformation, are, by Jesus Christ the true Messiah and only
law-giver, who was furnished with power from the Father for that end
abrogated and taken away. ( Heb 10:1; Col 2:17; 1 Cor
5:7; Col 2:14, 16, 17; Eph 2:14, 16 )
4. To them also he gave sundry judicial laws, which expired together
with the state of that people, not obliging any now by virtue of that
institution; their general equity only being of moral use. ( 1
Cor 9:8-10 )
5. The moral law does for ever bind all, as well justified persons as
others, to the obedience thereof, and that not only in regard of the
matter contained in it, but also in respect of the authority of God the
Creator, who gave it; neither does Christ in the Gospel any way
dissolve, but much strengthen this obligation. ( Rom 13:8-10; James
2:8, 10-12; James 2:10, 11; Matt 5:17-19; Rom 3:31 )
6. Although true believers be not under the law as a covenant of works,
to be thereby justified or condemned, yet it is of great use to them as
well as to others, in that as a rule of life, informing them of the will
of God and their duty, it directs and binds them to walk accordingly;
discovering also the sinful pollutions of their natures, hearts, and
lives, so as examining themselves thereby, they may come to further
conviction of, humiliation for, and hatred against, sin; together with a
clearer sight of the need they have of Christ and the perfection of his
obedience; it is likewise of use to the regenerate to restrain their
corruptions, in that it forbids sin; and the threatenings of it serve to
show what even their sins deserve, and what afflictions in this life
they may expect for them, although freed from the curse and unrelieved
rigor thereof. The promises of it likewise show them God's approbation
of obedience, and what blessings they may expect upon the performance
thereof, though not as due to them by the law as a covenant of works; so
as man's doing good and refraining from evil, because the law
encourages to the one and deters from the other, is no evidence of
his being under the law and not under grace. ( Rom 6:14; Gal
2:16; Rom 8:1; Rom 10:4; Rom 3:20; Rom 7:7, etc; Rom
6:12-14; 1 Peter 3:8-13 )
7. Neither are the aforementioned uses of the law contrary to the grace
of the Gospel, but do sweetly comply with it, the Spirit of Christ
subduing and enabling the will of man to do that freely and cheerfully
which the will of God, revealed in the law, requires to be done.
(
Gal 3:21; Ezek 36:27 )
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1. The covenant of works being broken by sin, and made unprofitable unto
life, God was pleased to give forth the promise of Christ, the seed of
the woman, as the means of calling the elect, and begetting in them
faith and repentance; in this promise the gospel, as to the substance of
it, was revealed, and [is] therein effectual for the conversion and
salvation of sinners. ( Gen 3:15; Rev 13:8 )
2. This promise of Christ, and salvation by him, is revealed only by the
Word of God; neither do the works of creation or providence, with the
light of nature, make discovery of Christ, or of grace by him, so much
as in a general or obscure way; much less that men destitute of the
revelation of Him by the promise or gospel, should be enabled thereby to
attain saving faith or repentance. ( Rom 1:17; Rom 10:14,15,17;
Prov 29:18; Isa 25:7; Isa 60:2, 3 )
3. The revelation of the gospel unto sinners, made in divers times and
by sundry parts, with the addition of promises and precepts for the
obedience required therein, as to the nations and persons to whom it is
granted, is merely of the sovereign will and good pleasure of God; not
being annexed by virtue of any promise to the due improvement of men's
natural abilities, by virtue of common light received without it, which
none ever did make, or can do so; and therefore in all ages, the
preaching of the gospel has been granted unto persons and nations, as to
the extent or straitening of it, in great variety, according to the
counsel of the will of God. ( Ps 147:20; Acts 16:7; Rom 1:18-32 )
4. Although the gospel be the only outward means of revealing Christ and
saving grace, and is, as such, abundantly sufficient thereunto; yet that
men who are dead in trespasses may be born again, quickened or
regenerated, there is moreover necessary an effectual insuperable work
of the Holy Spirit upon the whole soul, for the producing in them a new
spiritual life; without which no other means will effect their
conversion unto God. ( Ps 110:3; 1 Cor 2:14; Eph 1:19,
20; John 6:44; 2 Cor 4:4, 6 )
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